diff --git a/frontend/src/components/WorkspaceSidebar/ProjectStructure.tsx b/frontend/src/components/WorkspaceSidebar/ProjectStructure.tsx
index d41bb30..18d3f8d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/WorkspaceSidebar/ProjectStructure.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/WorkspaceSidebar/ProjectStructure.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import { DndProvider, useDrag, useDrop } from 'react-dnd';
 import { HTML5Backend } from 'react-dnd-html5-backend';
 import useFolderQuery from '@/queries/folders/useFolderQuery';
 import MemoFileStatusIcon from './FileStatusIcon';
-
+import moveNodeInTree from '@/utils/moveNodeInTree';
 interface FlatNode extends TreeNode {
   depth: number;
   isLeaf: boolean;
@@ -114,25 +114,10 @@ export default function ProjectStructure({ project }: { project: Project }) {
 
   const moveNode = useCallback(
     (dragItem: FlatNode, hoverItem: FlatNode) => {
-      const updatedTreeData = (function moveNodeInTree(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {
-        if (node.id === dragItem.parent?.id) {
-          const newChildren = node.children?.filter((child) => child.id !== dragItem.id) || [];
-          return { ...node, children: newChildren };
-        }
-
-        if (node.id === hoverItem.parent?.id) {
-          const newChildren = [...(node.children || [])];
-          const hoverIndex = newChildren.findIndex((child) => child.id === hoverItem.id);
-          newChildren.splice(hoverIndex, 0, { ...dragItem, parent: hoverItem.parent } as FlatNode);
-          return { ...node, children: newChildren };
-        }
-
-        return node.children ? { ...node, children: node.children.map(moveNodeInTree) } : node;
-      })(treeData!);
-
-      setTreeData(updatedTreeData);
+      setTreeData(moveNodeInTree(treeData!, dragItem, hoverItem));
 
       if (!dragItem.imageData) return;
+
       moveImageMutation.mutate({
         projectId: project.id,
         folderId: Number(dragItem.parent?.id),
@@ -222,13 +207,12 @@ export default function ProjectStructure({ project }: { project: Project }) {
               onRefetch={refetch}
             />
           </header>
-          {isLoading ? (
+          {isLoading || !treeData ? (
             <div className="flex h-full items-center justify-center">
-              <Spinner />
-            </div>
-          ) : !treeData ? (
-            <div className="body-small flex h-full select-none items-center justify-center text-gray-400">
-              Loading...
+              <Spinner
+                show={true}
+                size={'large'}
+              />
             </div>
           ) : (
             <List
diff --git a/frontend/src/hooks/useTreeData.ts b/frontend/src/hooks/useTreeData.ts
index 0898676..7118737 100644
--- a/frontend/src/hooks/useTreeData.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/hooks/useTreeData.ts
@@ -1,22 +1,15 @@
 import { useState, useCallback, useEffect } from 'react';
 import { TreeNode } from 'react-treebeard';
-import { ImageResponse, ChildFolder } from '@/types';
+import { FolderResponse } from '@/types';
 import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { getFolder } from '@/api/folderApi';
+import buildTreeNodes from '@/utils/buildTreeNodes';
 
-function useFolder(projectId: string, folderId: number) {
+function useFolder(projectId: string, folderId: number, enabled: boolean = folderId === 0) {
   return useQuery({
     queryKey: ['folder', projectId, folderId],
     queryFn: () => getFolder(projectId, folderId),
-    enabled: folderId === 0,
-  });
-}
-
-function useChildFolder(projectId: string, folderId: number, enabled: boolean) {
-  return useQuery({
-    queryKey: ['folder', projectId, folderId],
-    queryFn: () => getFolder(projectId, folderId),
-    enabled: enabled,
+    enabled,
   });
 }
 
@@ -25,87 +18,62 @@ export default function useTreeData(projectId: string) {
   const [currentFolderId, setCurrentFolderId] = useState<number | null>(null);
 
   const { data: rootFolder, isLoading: isRootLoading } = useFolder(projectId, 0);
-
-  const { data: childFolder, isFetching: isChildLoading } = useChildFolder(
+  const { data: childFolder, isFetching: isChildLoading } = useFolder(
     projectId,
     currentFolderId || 0,
     currentFolderId !== null
   );
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    console.log('root changed');
-    if (rootFolder) {
-      const childFolders: TreeNode[] =
-        rootFolder.children?.map((child: ChildFolder) => ({
-          id: child.id.toString(),
-          name: child.title,
-          children: [],
-        })) || [];
+  const updateTreeData = useCallback((folder: FolderResponse, isRoot: boolean = false) => {
+    if (!folder) return;
 
-      const images: TreeNode[] =
-        rootFolder.images?.map((image: ImageResponse) => ({
-          id: image.id.toString(),
-          name: image.imageTitle,
-          imageData: image,
-          children: [],
-        })) || [];
+    const childNodes = buildTreeNodes(folder);
 
-      const rootNode: TreeNode = {
-        id: rootFolder.id.toString(),
-        name: rootFolder.title,
-        children: [...childFolders, ...images],
-        toggled: true,
+    setTreeData((prevData) => {
+      if (isRoot || !prevData) {
+        return {
+          id: folder.id.toString(),
+          name: folder.title,
+          children: childNodes,
+          toggled: true,
+        };
+      }
+
+      const updateNode = (currentNode: TreeNode): TreeNode => {
+        if (currentNode.id !== folder.id.toString()) {
+          return currentNode.children
+            ? { ...currentNode, children: currentNode.children.map(updateNode) }
+            : currentNode;
+        }
+
+        return {
+          ...currentNode,
+          children: childNodes,
+          toggled: true,
+        };
       };
 
-      setTreeData(rootNode);
-    }
-  }, [rootFolder]);
+      return updateNode(prevData);
+    });
+  }, []);
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (childFolder && currentFolderId !== null) {
-      const childFolders: TreeNode[] =
-        childFolder.children?.map((child: ChildFolder) => ({
-          id: child.id.toString(),
-          name: child.title,
-          children: [],
-        })) || [];
+    if (!rootFolder) return;
+    updateTreeData(rootFolder, true);
+  }, [rootFolder, updateTreeData]);
 
-      const images: TreeNode[] =
-        childFolder.images?.map((image: ImageResponse) => ({
-          id: image.id.toString(),
-          name: image.imageTitle,
-          imageData: image,
-          children: [],
-        })) || [];
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!childFolder || currentFolderId === null) return;
+    updateTreeData(childFolder);
+  }, [childFolder, currentFolderId, updateTreeData]);
 
-      setTreeData((prevData) => {
-        if (!prevData) return null;
-
-        const updateNode = (currentNode: TreeNode): TreeNode => {
-          if (currentNode.id === currentFolderId.toString()) {
-            return {
-              ...currentNode,
-              children: [...childFolders, ...images],
-              toggled: true,
-            };
-          }
-          if (currentNode.children) {
-            return {
-              ...currentNode,
-              children: currentNode.children.map(updateNode),
-            };
-          }
-          return currentNode;
-        };
-
-        return updateNode(prevData);
-      });
-    }
-  }, [childFolder, currentFolderId]);
-
-  const fetchNodeData = useCallback((node: TreeNode) => {
-    setCurrentFolderId(Number(node.id));
-  }, []);
+  const fetchNodeData = useCallback(
+    (node: TreeNode) => {
+      if (currentFolderId === Number(node.id)) return;
+      setCurrentFolderId(Number(node.id));
+    },
+    [currentFolderId]
+  );
 
   return {
     treeData,
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/buildTreeNodes.ts b/frontend/src/utils/buildTreeNodes.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5f5a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/buildTreeNodes.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { FolderResponse, ChildFolder, ImageResponse } from '@/types';
+import { TreeNode } from 'react-treebeard';
+
+export default function buildTreeNodes(folder: FolderResponse): TreeNode[] {
+  const childFolders: TreeNode[] = folder.children.map((child: ChildFolder) => ({
+    id: child.id.toString(),
+    name: child.title,
+    children: [],
+  }));
+
+  const images: TreeNode[] = folder.images.map((image: ImageResponse) => ({
+    id: image.id.toString(),
+    name: image.imageTitle,
+    imageData: image,
+    children: [],
+  }));
+
+  return [...childFolders, ...images];
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/moveNodeInTree.ts b/frontend/src/utils/moveNodeInTree.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ea6ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/moveNodeInTree.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { TreeNode } from 'react-treebeard';
+
+interface FlatNode extends TreeNode {
+  depth: number;
+  isLeaf: boolean;
+  parent?: FlatNode;
+  index?: number;
+}
+
+export default function moveNodeInTree(treeData: TreeNode, dragItem: FlatNode, hoverItem: FlatNode): TreeNode {
+  if (!treeData) return treeData;
+
+  // 드래그된 항목과 호버된 항목이 동일한 경우 이동 처리하지 않음
+  if (dragItem.id === hoverItem.id) return treeData;
+
+  // 부모 노드가 동일한 경우 중복 이동 처리하지 않음
+  if (dragItem.parent?.id === hoverItem.parent?.id) return treeData;
+
+  const updateTreeData = (node: TreeNode): TreeNode => {
+    // 드래그된 노드의 부모에서 노드를 제거
+    if (node.id === dragItem.parent?.id) {
+      const newChildren = node.children?.filter((child) => child.id !== dragItem.id) || [];
+      return { ...node, children: newChildren };
+    }
+
+    // 호버된 노드의 부모에 드래그된 노드 추가
+    if (node.id === hoverItem.parent?.id) {
+      const newChildren = [...(node.children || [])];
+      const hoverIndex = newChildren.findIndex((child) => child.id === hoverItem.id);
+
+      if (hoverIndex !== -1) {
+        newChildren.splice(hoverIndex, 0, { ...dragItem, parent: hoverItem.parent } as FlatNode);
+      }
+      return { ...node, children: newChildren };
+    }
+
+    // 자식 노드가 존재하는 경우 자식 노드들을 순환하면서 업데이트
+    return node.children ? { ...node, children: node.children.map(updateTreeData) } : node;
+  };
+
+  return updateTreeData(treeData);
+}